terms
Europe
Treaty of Versailles
- World War I- A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, US, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, and Montenegro) and the Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914-1918.
- Internal Causes- Class Struggles
- External Causes- Colonies, rivalries, and arm race
- Franz Ferdinand- Was the archduke of Austria- Este (December 18,1863- June 28, 1914) and royal prince of Bohemia and Hungary.
- Gavarillo Princip- Leader of the Black hand and assassinated Franz Ferdinand, some people say that began the World War I
- Trench Warfare- A warfare in which opposing forces attack and counter attack from a relatively permanent system of trenches protected by barbed-wire
Treaty of Versailles
- Total War- Channeling of a Nations entire resources into a wa
- 14 points- A statement of principles contained in a speech
given by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress
on January 8, 1918. The points encompassed war aims as forwarded by Wilson, and
a general guideline for a post-war order and frontiers. The address was
intended to assure the country, and the world, that the Great War was being
fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe.
- Reparations- Part of the treaty of Versailles declaring that the Germans have to pay for the damage of World War I
- Self- determination- Determination of one's own fate or course of action without compulsion; free will.
- League of Nations- An association of counties established in 1919 by the treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation, Germany was not allowed to Join. An intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the
Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first
international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
- War Guild Clause- Part of the Treaty of Versailles declaring that the Germans are responsible for World War I, and the deaths of it.
- Weimar Republic- The German republic of 1913-1933, constitution was drawn up by Wiemer. It was over thrown by the Nazi Party.
- Hitler/ Nazi Party- Leaders of the Holocaust, Hitler was called to take over after WWI when there were in a decline from the treaty of versailles.
- Inflation- Inflation was a result from the treaty of versailles, when they had to pay reparations for WWI
- Polarization- Small parties, many coalitions, which means coalitions would frequently and easily fall apart
- Stab in the Back- Hitler blaming the socialists and the Jews for their decline in economy and government, so they became the target.
- Propaganda- Information of a biased nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view, Hitlers way of getting followers to eliminate the Jews.
- Appeasement- The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace
- Axis- The alliance of powers, such as nations, to promote interests and policies. The alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936, later Japan and other counties, that opposed allies in WWII.
- Non- Agression Pact- An agreement between two countries, agreeing not to attack each other for a specific time period, this case Germany.
- Czar Nicolas II- The last ruler in Russia, 1894-1917. Under his rule Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese war. His rule was over after the Bolshevik Revolution
- Bolshevik Revolution -The overthrow in the Russian Government, in 1917.
- Vladimir Lenin- Lenin established the first communist government in Russia, he overthrew the provisional Government. When he died of a stroke, Stalin took over.
- Joseph Stalin- General Secretory of the Communist party in the soviet union, he was the leader of the Ukraine Genocide and created the 5 year plan of turning the individual farms into collectivized state owned farms.
- Purges- An abrupt violent removal of a group of people from an organization or place (the Stalinist Purges)
- 5 Year Plan- Stalin's plan of turning the individually owned farms owned by the Ukrainians into collectivized State owned farms.
- Collectives- The collectives of farms owned by the state.
- Jiang Jishi (Chang Kai-Shek)- In control of the Chinese nationalist forces. He had a civil war with Mao Zedong, who controlled the red army.
- Mao Zedong- He was a Chinese- Marxist theorist soldier, and a statesmen who led China's communist revolution. He fought in many battles and had a civil war with Jiang Jishi.
- Long March- Epic march in which a group of Chinese communists retreated from Guomindang forces marching over 6,000 miles.
- Bushido- Code of conduct for Samurai during the feudal period in Japan.
- Hirohito/Tojo- Prime minister of Japan 1941-1944. He initiated the attack on Pearl Harbor.
- Manchuria- Historic province in Northeastern China, rich in natural resources
- BlitzKrieg- An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory, lighting war
- Barbarossa- Code name for Germany's invasion of the soviet union during World War II.
- Pearl Harbor- A military attack by the imperial Japanese Navy against United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii